111 research outputs found
An AER handshake-less modular infrastructure PCB with x8 2.5Gbps LVDS serial links
Nowadays spike-based brain processing emulation is
taking off. Several EU and others worldwide projects are
demonstrating this, like SpiNNaker, BrainScaleS, FACETS, or
NeuroGrid. The larger the brain process emulation on silicon is,
the higher the communication performance of the hosting
platforms has to be. Many times the bottleneck of these system
implementations is not on the performance inside a chip or a
board, but in the communication between boards. This paper
describes a novel modular Address-Event-Representation (AER)
FPGA-based (Spartan6) infrastructure PCB (the AER-Node
board) with 2.5Gbps LVDS high speed serial links over SATA
cables that offers a peak performance of 32-bit 62.5Meps (Mega
events per second) on board-to-board communications. The
board allows back compatibility with parallel AER devices
supporting up to x2 28-bit parallel data with asynchronous
handshake. These boards also allow modular expansion
functionality through several daughter boards. The paper is
focused on describing in detail the LVDS serial interface and
presenting its performance.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639-C04-02/01Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-02/01Junta de Andalucía TIC-6091Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PRI-PIMCHI-2011-076
Live Demonstration: Multiplexing AER Asynchronous Channels over LVDS Links with Flow-Control and Clock- Correction for Scalable Neuromorphic Systems
In this live demonstration we exploit the use of a
serial link for fast asynchronous communication in massively
parallel processing platforms connected to a DVS for realtime
implementation of bio-inspired vision processing on
spiking neural networks
The Extended Synthesis: Something Old, Something New
Abstract
The eclipse of Darwinism began to end in the 1980s and hangs in the balance today. We need an Extended Synthesis, using “extension” metaphorically. We must extend back in time to recover important aspects of Darwinism that were set aside, and then lost during neo-Darwinism, then move forward beyond neo-Darwinism to encompass new data and concepts. The most comprehensive framework for the Extended Synthesis is the Major Transitions in Evolution. The Extended Synthesis rests comfortably within a philosophical perspective in which biology does not need to be connected with other areas of science in order to justify itself. I am attracted to an older concept in which biology needs a covering law to connect it with the rest of the natural sciences. Darwin implicated a “higher law,” but did not specify it. If we can elucidate that law, the Extended Synthesis will become the Unified Theory of Biology called for by Brooks and Wiley 25 years ago
AER Auditory Filtering and CPG for Robot Control
Address-Event-Representation (AER) is a
communication protocol for transferring asynchronous events
between VLSI chips, originally developed for bio-inspired
processing systems (for example, image processing). The event
information in an AER system is transferred using a highspeed
digital parallel bus. This paper presents an experiment
using AER for sensing, processing and finally actuating a
Robot. The AER output of a silicon cochlea is processed by an
AER filter implemented on a FPGA to produce rhythmic
walking in a humanoid robot (Redbot). We have implemented
both the AER rhythm detector and the Central Pattern
Generator (CPG) on a Spartan II FPGA which is part of a
USB-AER platform developed by some of the authors.Commission of the European Communities IST-2001-34124 (CAVIAR)Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC-2003-08164-C03-0
A Fully Digital Relaxation-Aware Analog Programming Technique for HfOx RRAM Arrays
For neuromorphic engineering to emulate the human brain, improving memory
density with low power consumption is an indispensable but challenging goal. In
this regard, emerging RRAMs have attracted considerable interest for their
unique qualities like low power consumption, high integration potential,
durability, and CMOS compatibility. Using RRAMs to imitate the more analog
storage behavior of brain synapses is also a promising strategy for further
improving memory density and power efficiency. However, RRAM devices display
strong stochastic behavior, together with relaxation effects, making it more
challenging to precisely control their multi-level storage capability. To
address this, researchers have reported different multi-level programming
strategies, mostly involving the precise control of analog parameters like
compliance current during write operations and/or programming voltage
amplitudes. Here, we present a new fully digital relaxation-aware method for
tuning the conductance of analog RRAMs. The method is based on modulating
digital pulse widths during erase operations while keeping other parameters
fixed, and therefore requires no precise alterations to analog parameters like
compliance currents or programming voltage amplitudes. Experimental results,
with and without relaxation effect awareness, on a 64 RRAM 1T1R HfOx memory
array of cells, fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology, indicate that it is
possible to obtain 2-bit memory per cell multi-value storage at the array
level, verified 1000 seconds after programming.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
A 5 Meps $100 USB2.0 Address-Event Monitor-Sequencer Interface
This paper describes a high-speed USB2.0 address-event representation (AER) interface that allows simultaneous monitoring and sequencing of precisely timed AER data. This low-cost (<$100), two chip, bus powered interface can achieve sustained AER event rates of 5 megaevents per second (Meps). Several boards can be electrically synchronized, allowing simultaneous synchronized capture from multiple devices. It has three parallel AER ports, one for sequencing, one for monitoring and one for passing through the monitored events. This paper also describes the host software infrastructure that makes the board usable for a heterogeneous mixture of AER devices and that allows recording and playback of recorded data
Asynchronous spiking neurons, the natural key to exploit temporal sparsity
Inference of Deep Neural Networks for stream signal (Video/Audio) processing in edge devices is still challenging. Unlike the most state of the art inference engines which are efficient for static signals, our brain is optimized for real-time dynamic signal processing. We believe one important feature of the brain (asynchronous state-full processing) is the key to its excellence in this domain. In this work, we show how asynchronous processing with state-full neurons allows exploitation of the existing sparsity in natural signals. This paper explains three different types of sparsity and proposes an inference algorithm which exploits all types of sparsities in the execution of already trained networks. Our experiments in three different applications (Handwritten digit recognition, Autonomous Steering and Hand-Gesture recognition) show that this model of inference reduces the number of required operations for sparse input data by a factor of one to two orders of magnitudes. Additionally, due to fully asynchronous processing this type of inference can be run on fully distributed and scalable neuromorphic hardware platforms
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